5-Dars: Present Simple Tense (Hozirgi oddiy zamon)

Present Simple nima?

Present Simple Tense hozirgi vaqtda doimiy ravishda sodir bo‘ladigan, odat tusiga kirgan yoki umumiy haqiqatni ifodalovchi gaplar uchun ishlatiladi. Ushbu zamon hayotimizdagi muntazam ishlar, jadval asosidagi voqealar yoki hech qachon o‘zgarmaydigan faktlarni ifodalaydi.

Present Simple ning asosiy qoidalari

  1. Subyektga bog‘liq ravishda fe’l o‘zgarishi:
    • I / We / You / They uchun: Fe’lning oddiy shakli ishlatiladi.Misol: I work. (Men ishlayman.)
    • He / She / It uchun: Fe’lga s yoki es qo‘shiladi.Misol: He works. (U ishlaydi.)
  2. Salbiy shakl (Negative form):
    • I/We/You/They uchun:do not yoki qisqa shaklda don’t ishlatiladi.Misol: I don’t work. (Men ishlamayman.)
    • He/She/It uchun:does not yoki qisqa shaklda doesn’t ishlatiladi.Misol: He doesn’t work. (U ishlamaydi.)
  3. Savol shakli (Question form):
    • Do yoki Does yordamchi fe’li gap boshida keladi:Misol: Do you work? (Siz ishlaysizmi?)Misol: Does she work? (U ishlaydimi?)

Qachon ishlatiladi?

  1. Umumiy haqiqatlarni ifodalash uchun:
    • The Earth orbits the Sun.(Yer Quyosh atrofida aylana qiladi.)
    • Water boils at 100°C.(Suv 100°C da qaynaydi.)
  2. Odatlar va muntazam ishlarga:
    • I wake up at 6 a.m. every day.(Men har kuni ertalab soat 6 da uyg‘onaman.)
    • She goes to the gym three times a week.(U haftasiga uch marta sport zaliga boradi.)
  3. Jadval asosidagi voqealar uchun:
    • The train leaves at 7:30.(Poyezd soat 7:30 da jo‘naydi.)
    • The shop opens at 9 a.m. and closes at 6 p.m.(Do‘kon ertalab soat 9 da ochilib, 6 da yopiladi.)

Fe’lning shakllanish qoidalari

1. Oddiy shakl:

  • I, We, You, They uchun fe’lning oddiy shakli ishlatiladi:
    • I work.
    • They play.

2. He/She/It uchun qo‘shimchalar:

  • Fe’lga s yoki es qo‘shiladi.Misollar:
    • He works. (U ishlaydi.)
    • She studies. (U o‘qiydi.)

3. Fe’lga -es qo‘shiladigan holatlar:

Quyidagi tugallangan fe’llar uchun:

  • s, -sh, -ch, -x, -o
    • pass → passes
    • finish → finishes
    • go → goes

4. Undoshdan keyingi -y:

  • Agar fe’l oxiri y bilan tugasa va undan oldin undosh harf bo‘lsa, y o‘rniga ies qo‘shiladi:
    • study → studies
    • try → tries

5. Notog‘ri fe’llar (Irregular verbs):

  • do → does
  • have → has

Tez-tezlik so‘zlari va Present Simple

Present Simple gaplarda always, never, often, sometimes, usually kabi tez-tezlik so‘zlari ishlatiladi. Ular fe’lning oldida joylashadi.

  1. She always wakes up early.

    (U har doim erta uyg‘onadi.)

  2. They never play football on Sundays.

    (Ular hech qachon yakshanba kuni futbol o‘ynamaydi.)

  3. We often visit our grandparents.

    (Biz tez-tez buvamiznikiga boramiz.)

Misollar

  1. Laylo lives in London. Her parents live in Scotland.

    (Laylo Londonda yashaydi. Uning ota-onasi Shotlandiyada yashaydi.)

  2. Javohir has a shower every day.

    (Javohir har kuni dush qabul qiladi.)

  3. Sabina always arrives at work early.

    (Sabina har doim ishga erta keladi.)

  4. Toxir lives near us. We often see him.

    (Toxir bizning yonimizda yashaydi. Biz uni tez-tez ko‘ramiz.)

Mashqlar

1. Bo‘sh joylarni to‘ldiring:

  1. I ___ to the gym every morning. (Men har ertalab sport zaliga boraman.)

    Javob: go

  2. She ___ a lot of books every month. (U har oy ko‘p kitob o‘qiydi.)

    Javob: reads

  3. The train ___ at 8 o’clock every day. (Poyezd har kuni soat 8 da jo‘naydi.)

    Javob: leaves

  4. He ___ breakfast at 7 a.m. (U ertalab soat 7 da nonushta qiladi.)

    Javob: has

  5. We ___ our homework in the evening. (Biz kechqurun uy vazifamizni qilamiz.)

    Javob: do

2. Quyidagi gaplarni salbiy shaklga o‘giring:

  1. She works in a shop.

    Javob: She doesn’t work in a shop.

  2. They play football on Fridays.

    Javob: They don’t play football on Fridays.

  3. He studies English.

    Javob: He doesn’t study English.

3. Savol shaklini yozing:

  1. She lives in London.

    Javob: Does she live in London?

  2. They go to school on Saturdays.

    Javob: Do they go to school on Saturdays?

  3. He has a car.

    Javob: Does he have a car?

Xulosa

  • Present Simple Tense harakatlarning odatiy, muntazam yoki umumiyligini ifodalash uchun ishlatiladi.
  • He/She/It uchun fe’lga s/-es qo‘shiladi.
  • Always, never, often, sometimes, usually kabi tez-tezlik so‘zlari bilan ishlatiladi.
  • Savol va salbiy shakllarda do/does yordamchi fe’llari ishlatiladi.

Savollar

  1. Laylo lives in London gapining salbiy shaklini yozing.
  2. Study fe’lini He/She uchun qanday shaklda ishlatish kerak?
  3. They don’t work on Sundays gapining savol shaklini yozing.
  4. Present Simple ning asosiy qoidasini qisqacha tushuntiring.
  5. “He always plays football on Fridays” gapiga mos salbiy shakl tuzing.