📢 Dars №8: Present Simple va Present Continuous

💬 Kirish:

Ushbu darsda biz “Present Simple” va “Present Continuous” zamonlari o‘rtasidagi farqni o‘rganamiz. Bu ikki zamon ingliz tilida eng ko‘p ishlatiladigan zamonlardir. Siz qachon doimiy harakatlarni (habitual actions) va qachon ayni paytda sodir bo‘layotgan harakatlarni (ongoing actions) ifodalashni o‘rganasiz.

🗃️ So‘z va ifodalar:

Inglizcha O‘zbekcha
present simple hozirgi oddiy zamon
present continuous hozirgi davomli zamon
play o‘ynamoq
work ishlamoq
rain yomg‘ir yog‘moq
laugh kulmoq
tired charchagan
dentist tish shifokori
cost narx bo‘lmoq

📚 Mavzuning batafsil tushuntirishi:

1. Present Continuous (I am doing):

Present Continuous zamoni ayni paytda sodir bo‘layotgan yoki vaqtinchalik harakatlarni ifodalash uchun ishlatiladi.

  • Tuzilishi:Subject + am/is/are + verb (-ing)

Misollar:

  • Please be quiet. I am working.

    (Iltimos, jim bo‘ling. Men ishlayapman.)

    • Bu yerda “I am working” hozirgi paytda sodir bo‘layotgan harakatni ifodalaydi.

  • Take an umbrella with you. It is raining.

    (Soyabon oling. Yomg‘ir yog‘ayapti.)

    • “It is raining” harakatning ayni paytda sodir bo‘layotganini bildiradi.

Qachon ishlatiladi:

  • Hozirgi paytda sodir bo‘layotgan harakatlar:She is cooking dinner now. (U hozir ovqat tayyorlayapti.)
  • Vaqtinchalik holatlar:I am staying with my friend this week. (Men bu hafta do‘stimnikida qolayapman.)

2. Present Simple (I do):

Present Simple zamoni odatda doimiy yoki muntazam ravishda sodir bo‘ladigan harakatlar uchun ishlatiladi.

  • Tuzilishi:Subject + verb (asosiy shakl)Subject + does/do + not + verb (inkor shakl)

Misollar:

  • I work every day from 2:00 to 5:30.

    (Men har kuni soat 2:00 dan 5:30 gacha ishlayman.)

    • Bu yerda “I work” muntazam ravishda sodir bo‘ladigan harakatni bildiradi.

  • It rains a lot in winter.

    (Qishda ko‘p yomg‘ir yog‘adi.)

    • Bu yerda “It rains” qishda odatda sodir bo‘ladigan hodisani ifodalaydi.

Qachon ishlatiladi:

  • Kundalik odatlar va muntazam harakatlar:I drink coffee every morning. (Men har kuni ertalab qahva ichaman.)
  • Umumiy haqiqatlar:The sun rises in the east. (Quyosh sharqdan chiqadi.)

3. Present Simple va Present Continuousni taqqoslash:

Present Simple Present Continuous
Do you play tennis? Are you playing tennis now?
(Tennis o‘ynaysizmi? - Umuman, odatda.) (Siz hozir tennis o‘ynayapsizmi?)
It rains a lot in winter. It is raining right now.
(Qishda ko‘p yomg‘ir yog‘adi - umumiy haqiqat.) (Hozir yomg‘ir yog‘ayapti - ayni paytda.)
I work every day from 9 to 5. I am working on a new project this week.
(Men har kuni 9 dan 5 gacha ishlayman.) (Men bu hafta yangi loyiha ustida ishlayapman.)

🌟 Amaliy misollar va namunalar:

  1. Present Continuous:
    • He is playing the guitar right now.
      (U hozir gitara chalmoqda.)
    • They are studying for their exams.
      (Ular imtihonlariga tayyorlanmoqda.)
  2. Present Simple:
    • She plays the guitar every evening.
      (U har kecha gitara chaladi.)
    • They study English every day.
      (Ular har kuni ingliz tilini o‘rganadi.)
  3. Present Continuous va Present Simpleni birgalikda ishlatish:
    • Does he play the guitar? (U gitara chaladimi?)
    • Is he playing the guitar now? (U hozir gitara chalayaptimi?)

🧑🏻‍🏫 O‘quvchilar uchun mashqlar:

✍🏻 Bo‘sh joylarni to‘ldiring:

Ko‘rsatma: Quyidagi jumlalarga mos ravishda “am”, “is”, “are”, “do”, “don’t”, “does”, yoki “doesn’t” so‘zlarini qo‘shing.

  1. Excuse me, ______ you speak English?
  2. Where’s Shahzoda? I ______ know.
  3. What’s funny? Why ______ you laughing?
  4. What ______ your sister do? She’s a dentist.
  5. It ______ raining. I ______ want to go out in the rain.
  6. Where ______ you come from? Canada?
  7. How much ______ it cost to phone Canada?
  8. Jahongir is a good tennis player, but he ______ play very often.

🔄 Fe’lni Present Continuous yoki Present Simplega qo‘ying:

Ko‘rsatma: Fe’lni to‘g‘ri shaklda yozing.

  1. Please be quiet. I ______ (work).
  2. Every day she ______ (go) to school.
  3. Look! It ______ (rain).
  4. He usually ______ (play) football on Sundays.
  5. We ______ (study) for our exams this week.
  6. My mom ______ (cook) dinner right now.
  7. They ______ (not/watch) TV every evening.
  8. Listen! The baby ______ (cry).

📝 Jumlalar tuzing:

Ko‘rsatma: Berilgan so‘zlardan foydalanib, Present Simple yoki Present Continuousda gaplar tuzing.

  1. (she / read / a book / now)
  2. (they / go / to the park / every weekend)
  3. (it / snow / outside / right now)
  4. (we / eat / lunch / at 1:00 every day)
  5. (he / not / work / today)

📖 Hikoya:

“A Rainy Day”

Today is a rainy day. It is raining heavily outside, so I am staying at home. My sister is reading a book in the living room, and my brother is playing video games. Usually, on Sundays, we go to the park, but today we are not going anywhere. My mom is cooking delicious soup, and my dad is watching the news. Even though it rains a lot in our city, we still enjoy spending time together at home.

💡 Hikoyaning grammatik tahlili:

  1. It is raining heavily outside.
    • Present Continuous zamoni ishlatilgan, chunki harakat ayni paytda sodir bo‘lmoqda.
  2. My sister is reading a book.
    • Present Continuous zamoni ishlatilgan, chunki harakat hozir sodir bo‘lmoqda.
  3. Usually, on Sundays, we go to the park.
    • Present Simple zamoni ishlatilgan, chunki bu muntazam ravishda sodir bo‘ladigan odatni ifodalaydi.
  4. Today we are not going anywhere.
    • Present Continuous zamoni ishlatilgan, chunki bu vaqtinchalik holatni ifodalaydi.

🏠 Mustaqil ish (Uyga topshiriq):

  1. Quyidagi fe’llardan foydalanib, Present Simple va Present Continuousda 5 ta gap yozing: play, eat, watch, go, study.
  2. O‘zingizning kundalik odatlaringiz haqida 3 ta gap yozing va hozirgi paytda nima qilayotganingizni 3 ta gapda ifodalang.
  3. Quyidagi jumlalarni savol shakliga keltiring:
    • She is cooking dinner.
    • They go to school every day.
    • It is raining outside.

✨ Darsning qisqacha xulosasi:

Bugungi darsda biz “Present Simple” va “Present Continuous” zamonlari o‘rtasidagi farqni o‘rgandik. “Present Simple” muntazam va umumiy harakatlar uchun ishlatilsa, “Present Continuous” ayni paytda sodir bo‘layotgan harakatlarni ifodalaydi. Ikkala zamonni to‘g‘ri tushunish va ishlatish muloqotda juda muhim.

❓ Savollar:

  1. “Present Simple” va “Present Continuous” zamonlari o‘rtasidagi asosiy farqni tushuntirib bering.
  2. “He plays football” va “He is playing football” jumlalari o‘rtasidagi farqni izohlang.
  3. O‘zingizning odatiy kuningiz haqida Present Simpleda 3 ta gap yozing.
  4. Hozirgi paytda nima qilayotganingizni Present Continuousda yozing.
  5. “It rains a lot in winter” va “It is raining now” jumlalarini grammatik jihatdan tahlil qiling.